Animation simply we can say an illustration or image that is printed in the frame-by-frame. Each frame has a different picture (almost identical) to each other so that if the projected (moving quickly) creates the illusion of moving images. The development of animation techniques from time to time so rapidly. Since the beginning of the first animators to draw directly on the frame the film until now been using digital technology. From animated two-dimensional (2-D), and stop-motion animation, has now evolved into a three-dimensional digital animation (CGI). Limitation of animated films are also increasingly "fuzzy" because the animation technique is now commonly used as visual effects for films non-animated, as we often see in science fiction movies and fantasy.
Animation is also commonly referred to as the attribute genre. Animation is not a genre but rather a technique. The animated movie has a coverage area of a story and a broad genre, such as drama, science fiction, war, fantasy, horror, musicals, until the epic history. Although it can be enjoyed by all people, animated films are also identical as children's entertainment by the fact that most of the films produced is intended for children. In some cases such as in Japan, for example, also produced animated films for adult audience segments.
Animation is also commonly referred to as the attribute genre. Animation is not a genre but rather a technique. The animated movie has a coverage area of a story and a broad genre, such as drama, science fiction, war, fantasy, horror, musicals, until the epic history. Although it can be enjoyed by all people, animated films are also identical as children's entertainment by the fact that most of the films produced is intended for children. In some cases such as in Japan, for example, also produced animated films for adult audience segments.
Early Development of Animation
Since
the early discovery of cinema, filmmakers have used animation
techniques to produce visual effects, such as explosions, rockets and
other flying objects in their films. First
short animated film filled with the standard film format recorded was
Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) produced by the American newspaper
cartoonist, J. Stuart Blackton. This animated film depicts a cartoonist who was drawing faces on a chalkboard. In
the European region Fantasmagorie short animated film (1908) work of
Émile Cohl of France is recorded as one of the oldest animation films. While the first length animated film is El Apóstol (1917) work Quirino Cristiani, animator from Argentina. Stop-motion
animation "3-D" was first recorded was The Grasshopper and the Ant
(1911) and The Cameraman's Revenge (1911) Soviet animators work
Wladislaw Starewicz. In
the period of silent film, the animated films developed so rapidly in
almost all countries in the world in Asia, Europe, and especially in
America.
The
first animated character are very influential and successful is Gertie,
the Brontosaurus in Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) the film contains images
of 10,000 frames. The author is a renowned comic animator of the New York Herald, the Winsor McCay. A
few years later a popular character, Felix the cat animator Otto
Messmer's work, first appeared in the film Feline Follies (1919) and
Musical Mews (1919). Cats
superstar appeared in hundreds of movies in the next decade and
recorded a first successful animated character into merchandise. The
Last Life (1928) was recorded as the last animated film Felix whose
popularity has declined since the advent of sound technology and compete
with superstar Walt Disney, Mickey Mouse. While
the legendary animator Walt Disney during the silent film era was
recorded had success with Alice and Oswald cartoon series, The Rabbit.
Animation in the Early Era of Film Talk
The advent of sound technology in the late decades of the 20's are increasingly supporting the development of animated movies. In 1928, Ub Werks, Disney studio animators developed a new character as a competitor to the character Felix The Cat. Popular animated character, Mickey Mouse first appeared in Plane Crazy (1928) and followed Steamboat Willie (1928). In Steamboat Willie, Mickey character has appeared with his partner Minnie, the sounds are both filled by Walt Disney. Steamboat Willie was also recorded as the first animated film to use sync sound. This film is a landmark for the development of successful animated films as well as trigger the mouse character afterwards. In a further development of Walt Disney developed into the most successful pioneer studio producing animated films.
Animation in the Early Era of Film Talk
The advent of sound technology in the late decades of the 20's are increasingly supporting the development of animated movies. In 1928, Ub Werks, Disney studio animators developed a new character as a competitor to the character Felix The Cat. Popular animated character, Mickey Mouse first appeared in Plane Crazy (1928) and followed Steamboat Willie (1928). In Steamboat Willie, Mickey character has appeared with his partner Minnie, the sounds are both filled by Walt Disney. Steamboat Willie was also recorded as the first animated film to use sync sound. This film is a landmark for the development of successful animated films as well as trigger the mouse character afterwards. In a further development of Walt Disney developed into the most successful pioneer studio producing animated films. 
Disney
is not inferior to some other competitors studio helped develop some of
the character animations are still known to this day. Fleischer
Brothers were four brothers who are responsible popularize popular
characters such as Bimbo, Betty Boob, until Popeye. The
sexy Betty Boob became popular in the film Silly Scandals (1931), but
after success with some of the film's characters began to fade after the
appearance of the film censors. While the character Popeye first appeared with Betty Boop in Popeye the Sailor (1933). Since 1938, Popeye replace Mickey Mouse as the most popular character in American animation that lasts up to two decades. Fleischer
Brothers with DC Comics and later, also pioneered the popular superhero
animated film, Superman (1941) were followed by dozens of other series.
Animation Film at the Golden Period Classical Era
Animation Film at the Golden Period Classical Era
In addition to the success of the series Mickey Mouse, Disney also had great success with the Silly Symphony cartoon series. His first series was Skeleton Dance (1929) and then went up to 70 more episodes until 1939. Over the past decade Silly Symphony series also successfully won seven Oscar for best animated short. Flowers
and Tree (1932) was the first Oscar winner for the Disney studio and
recorded as the first animated film to use the technology of three color
(Technicolor). The most popular series was The Three Little Pigs (1933) with his hit song Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?. In the era of the 30's is also popular other Disney icons began to appear, ie, Pluto, Goofy, and Donald Duck.
Walt Disney won glory at the end of the decade of the 30's and 50's through dozens length animated film. Disney
began a barrage of success through animated classic, Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs (1937) recorded the biggest gains printer in its release. The
film is a blend of romance, fantasy, and this musical a basic formula
for the classic Disney films followed, such as Pinocchio (1940), Bambi
(1942), Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Sleeping
Beauty (1959 ). Disney
also did a major breakthrough in films termahalnya time, the Fantasia
(1940) which is a harmonious blend between classical music with
animation.
Studio Warner Bros. (WB)
with a team of animators, Isadore "Friz" Freleng, Bob Clampett, Chuck
Jones and Tex Avery, competing with Disney over cartoon series of
extreme, brutal, and "sadistic" which is intended for mature audiences
through a series of Looney Toons and Happy Harmonies. Through
this series of classic cartoon icons like Porky Pigs, Bugs Bunny, Elmer
Fudd, Duffy Duck, Sylvester, Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, Road Runner,
Coyote began to emerge. Mel Blanc also known as the voice of almost all the WB cartoon icon. While other WB cartoon characters eccentric, the Pink Panther emerged in the early decades of the 60's.
Meanwhile,
MGM studio with William Hanna and Joseph Barbera became a serious rival
Disney and WB through a series of popular cartoons, Tom & Jerry. Two character first appeared in Puss Gets the Boot (1940). Success continues to film the next two decades that produced by more than one hundred titles. Cat
and mouse character is able to break the dominance of Disney with an
Oscar (best animated short) more than the other cartoon series. In
the decade of the 40s, there were only five films which won the Oscar,
Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943), Mouse Trouble (1944), Quiet, Please! (1945), The Cat Concerto (1946) and The Little Orphan (1948).In this period, stop-motion animation techniques also pioneered popular
by Ray Harryhausen, who also dubbed the father of stop-motion
animation. This
technique is commonly used as visual effects in science fiction films
to illustrate the character of giants, monsters, aliens, and so forth. Ray
became involved with the production of stop-motion animation in Mighty
Joe Young (1949), and his name became well known after working in
successful films such as Earth vs.. The Flying Saucers (1956), The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958), Mysterious Island (1961) and Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Ray was involved in the production of stop-motion animation to the early decade of the 80s.
In the era of the late 60's to mid 80's animated films almost no significant development. Disney throughout the two decades just brought animated films second grade, such as The Aristocats (1970), The Rescuers (1977), to Tron (1982). Sensor system began to fade in the early decades of the 60's also had an impact on animated films as seen in the works of Ralph Bakshi. One direction, Fritz the Cats (1972) is the first animated film to get a rating X. The film is about a cat who likes sex and drugs. Bakshi also produced uniquely themed animated fantasy, Wizard (1977) and The Lord of the Rings (1978).
Developments in the Era of the 80's to Now
Meanwhile,
MGM studio with William Hanna and Joseph Barbera became a serious rival
Disney and WB through a series of popular cartoons, Tom & Jerry. Two character first appeared in Puss Gets the Boot (1940). Success continues to film the next two decades that produced by more than one hundred titles. Cat
and mouse character is able to break the dominance of Disney with an
Oscar (best animated short) more than the other cartoon series. In
the decade of the 40s, there were only five films which won the Oscar,
Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943), Mouse Trouble (1944), Quiet, Please! (1945), The Cat Concerto (1946) and The Little Orphan (1948).In this period, stop-motion animation techniques also pioneered popular
by Ray Harryhausen, who also dubbed the father of stop-motion
animation. This
technique is commonly used as visual effects in science fiction films
to illustrate the character of giants, monsters, aliens, and so forth. Ray
became involved with the production of stop-motion animation in Mighty
Joe Young (1949), and his name became well known after working in
successful films such as Earth vs.. The Flying Saucers (1956), The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958), Mysterious Island (1961) and Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Ray was involved in the production of stop-motion animation to the early decade of the 80s.In the era of the late 60's to mid 80's animated films almost no significant development. Disney throughout the two decades just brought animated films second grade, such as The Aristocats (1970), The Rescuers (1977), to Tron (1982). Sensor system began to fade in the early decades of the 60's also had an impact on animated films as seen in the works of Ralph Bakshi. One direction, Fritz the Cats (1972) is the first animated film to get a rating X. The film is about a cat who likes sex and drugs. Bakshi also produced uniquely themed animated fantasy, Wizard (1977) and The Lord of the Rings (1978).
Developments in the Era of the 80's to Now
In
the era of the late 80's to mid 90's Disney finally returned victorious
with conventional animated films such as the classic era. Beginning
with the story of mermaids, The Little Mermaid (1989) a remarkable
success that the studio producing animation more passionate kind. Continues
through the phenomenal success of animated films such as The Beauty and
the Beast (1991), Alladin (1992), The Lion King (1994), Pocahontas
(1995), and Mulan (1998). In
addition to commercial success, The Beauty and the Beast was also
listed as the first animated film to win an Oscar nomination for best
film. While The Lion King at his time listed himself as grossing animated film of all time. Since the digital era dominated, the popularity of traditional Disney animation goes down. Noted Home on the Range (2004) is a 2-D movie produced by Disney last.
Achievements are also shown admirable comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) that is able to combine animation with real action decisively. The film featured almost all the icons either Disney cartoon classic era, WB and MGM. Stop-motion animation techniques apparently also still an option as evidenced by the success of the film The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Chicken Run (2000), as well as Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit ( 2005). 2-D animation is also apparently still promise through adaptation of the television cartoon series like Southpark: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut (1999), Pokemon The Movie (1999), The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004) and The Simpsons Movie (2007).
Digital
Engineering (CGI) in the mid 90's decade finally began to take over
conventional animation techniques with graphical achievement was
amazing. CGI was already commonly used for visual effects films of non-animated, like Terminator 2 (1991) and Jurassic Park (1993). Powered
by the animation studio Pixar, the CGI technology began to dominate the
market of animated films produced in this decade to come. In
collaboration with Disney, Pixar started the success with Toy Story
(1995) which became a milestone in the history of animation in the
digital age. Disney-Pixar collaboration continued through successful films of such high quality, Toy Story 2 (1999), Monsters Inc.. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003) and The Incredibles (2004). In
2006, Disney bought Pixar studios and proven success with subsequent
films such as Ratatouille (2007), as well as the recent Wall-E (2008). Become
a serious rival studio Dreamworks Shrek Disney through (2001) and its
sequel Shrek 2 (2004) were successful so phenomenal. Studio 20th Century Fox was also successful through the Ice Age (2002) with its sequel, Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (2006).
In the development of recorded several animated films outside of America's enough to attract attention. Although
not able to compete commercially with the production of animated films
America but they show something different and be able to compete in the
prestigious Academy Awards class. After
the international success through Princess Mononoke (1997), Japanese
animation (anime) finally able to grab Oscar unique fantasy adventure,
Spirited Away (2002). Unique
animation films French production also received high recognition in the
same event, such as The Triplets of Belleville (2003) and Persepolis
(2006). In future developments it seems animated films American production will continue to dominate the world market. Movies traditional 2-D animation is slow but sure would disappear replaced by 3-D animated film of the higher quality.
Hima Pratista
Achievements are also shown admirable comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) that is able to combine animation with real action decisively. The film featured almost all the icons either Disney cartoon classic era, WB and MGM. Stop-motion animation techniques apparently also still an option as evidenced by the success of the film The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Chicken Run (2000), as well as Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit ( 2005). 2-D animation is also apparently still promise through adaptation of the television cartoon series like Southpark: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut (1999), Pokemon The Movie (1999), The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004) and The Simpsons Movie (2007).
Digital
Engineering (CGI) in the mid 90's decade finally began to take over
conventional animation techniques with graphical achievement was
amazing. CGI was already commonly used for visual effects films of non-animated, like Terminator 2 (1991) and Jurassic Park (1993). Powered
by the animation studio Pixar, the CGI technology began to dominate the
market of animated films produced in this decade to come. In
collaboration with Disney, Pixar started the success with Toy Story
(1995) which became a milestone in the history of animation in the
digital age. Disney-Pixar collaboration continued through successful films of such high quality, Toy Story 2 (1999), Monsters Inc.. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003) and The Incredibles (2004). In
2006, Disney bought Pixar studios and proven success with subsequent
films such as Ratatouille (2007), as well as the recent Wall-E (2008). Become
a serious rival studio Dreamworks Shrek Disney through (2001) and its
sequel Shrek 2 (2004) were successful so phenomenal. Studio 20th Century Fox was also successful through the Ice Age (2002) with its sequel, Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (2006).
In the development of recorded several animated films outside of America's enough to attract attention. Although
not able to compete commercially with the production of animated films
America but they show something different and be able to compete in the
prestigious Academy Awards class. After
the international success through Princess Mononoke (1997), Japanese
animation (anime) finally able to grab Oscar unique fantasy adventure,
Spirited Away (2002). Unique
animation films French production also received high recognition in the
same event, such as The Triplets of Belleville (2003) and Persepolis
(2006). In future developments it seems animated films American production will continue to dominate the world market. Movies traditional 2-D animation is slow but sure would disappear replaced by 3-D animated film of the higher quality.Hima Pratista
Sejak awal ditemukannya sinema, para pembuat film telah menggunakan
teknik animasi untuk menghasilkan efek visual, seperti ledakan, roket,
serta benda terbang lainnya dalam film-film mereka. Film animasi penuh
pendek pertama dengan format film standart tercatat adalah Humorous
Phases of Funny Faces (1906) yang diproduksi oleh kartunis surat kabar
Amerika, J. Stuart Blackton. Film animasi ini menggambarkan seorang
kartunis yang tengah menggambar wajah di sebuah papan tulis. Di wilayah
Eropa film animasi pendek Fantasmagorie (1908) karya Émile Cohl asal
Perancis tercatat sebagai salah satu film animasi tertua. Sementara film
animasi panjang pertama adalah El Apóstol (1917) karya Quirino
Cristiani, animator asal Argentina. Animasi stop-motion “3-D” pertama
tercatat adalah The Grasshopper and the Ant (1911) dan The Cameraman's
Revenge (1911) karya animator Soviet Wladislaw Starewicz. Pada periode
film bisu ini, film-film animasi berkembang demikian pesat hampir di
seluruh negara di dunia baik di Asia, Eropa, dan terutama di Amerika.
Karakter
animasi pertama yang sangat berpengaruh dan sukses adalah Gertie, si
Brontosaurus dalam Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) yang filmnya berisi
sebanyak 10.000 frame gambar. Sang kreator adalah animator komik
kenamaan harian New York Herald, yakni Winsor McCay. Beberapa tahun
kemudian karakter populer, si kucing Felix karya animator Otto Messmer,
muncul pertama kali dalam film Feline Follies (1919) dan Musical Mews
(1919). Kucing superstar ini muncul dalam ratusan film pada satu dekade
ke depan dan tercatat merupakan karakter animasi pertama yang sukses
menjadi merchandise. The Last Life (1928) tercatat sebagai film animasi
Felix terakhir yang popularitasnya semakin menurun karena munculnya
teknologi suara dan kalah bersaing dengan superstar Walt Disney, Mickey
Mouse. Sementara animator legendaris Walt Disney semasa era film bisu
ini tercatat telah sukses dengan seri kartun Alice serta Oswald, Si
Kelinci.
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